A few figures made with my interactive diagram for generating geometric shapes based on the 12 equal-temperament tones.
Triads result in simple triangles and transposing them (moving them up or down by some interval) is a simple rotation.
Rotating a dominant 7th chord by 180°, such that the tritone interval within the chord remains unchanged, gives us the chord for tritone substitution.
Instead of just chords, we can look at full scales.
Rotating the Ionian mode gives us the six other modes, for example, the Phrygian.
The second and third diagram both depict the Phrygian: in the former, I rotated the geometrical figure, in the latter, the labels on the outside circle.